Alberta Politics: The Issues & Who Albertans Trust Most on Them

Yesterday, we released the results of our pre-election Alberta survey looking at the horserace. The UCP and NDP are tied province-wide with the UCP slightly ahead in Calgary.

Today, we share results on questions exploring public impressions of the top issues and which party they trust most to deal with them.

Here’s what we found:

The cost of living, healthcare, and the economy are the top issues.

As with previous waves of research in Alberta, and across the country more generally, the cost of living is a top issue for a clear majority of Albertans.

Seven in ten rated it as one of their top three issues from a list of issues. Healthcare was second at 47% followed by managing the economy at 36%, keeping taxes as low as possible at 32% and the affordability of housing at 26%.

NDP and UCP voters don’t agree much on what the top issues are, but they do both agree that the cost of living is a top issue. 64% of UCP supporters and 70% of NDP supporters rated it as a top issue.

UCP voters are more likely than NDP voters to rate taxes, managing the economy, standing up to the federal government, and defending those working in the oil and gas sector as a top issue.

NDP voters are more likely than UCP voters to rate healthcare, housing affordability, reducing the gap between the rich and the poor, education, and climate change as a top issue.

Who do Albertans trust most to handle different issues?

As we’ve seen in past research, the UCP has a big advantage on issues related to defending workers in the oil and gas sector, protecting the rights of gun owners, standing up to the federal government, keeping taxes as low as possible, and managing the economy.

The NDP leads on reducing the gap between the rich and the poor, education, climate change, and healthcare.

There’s very little difference between the parties on the top issue – the cost of living.

One way to understand the impact of this on the vote is to look at the relationship between trusting a party most on an issue and how someone would vote.

Take managing the economy for example. The UCP has a 13-point advantage over the NDP on this issue (41% to 28%). Among those who trust the UCP most on managing the economy, 78% say they would vote UCP, 9% would vote NDP, and 9% are undecided. Owning this issue, in other words, doesn’t guarantee the UCP a vote.

Healthcare, on the other hand, is a better predictor of the vote. The NDP has a seven-point advantage on healthcare (38% to 31%) and among those who think the NDP is best on the issue, 80% are voting NDP while 6% are voting UCP and 8% are undecided. Like the economy, trusting a party on healthcare is a good predictor of the vote, but it’s not perfect.

But the key groups are those who say they are unsure which party is best on the issue. Of those who say they are unsure which party is best on the economy, 27% are voting NDP, 7% UCP, and 64% are undecided. If the UCP can improve its advantage on the economy and make more people think it’s best on it – it may be able to increase its vote share.

The same is true for the NDP on healthcare. Among those who are unsure who they trust most on healthcare, 23% would vote UCP, 10% NDP, and 62% are undecided. If the NDP can frame the choice in the election around healthcare, it may be able to increase its vote share.

This helps explain why Danielle Smith and the UCP government have been working hard to dispel the idea that it would charge patients to access a primary care provider and why the NDP continues to hit the government hard on this issue.

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,000 Alberta adults eligible to vote from April 21 to 25, 2023.

A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 3.1%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Alberta’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by Abacus Data Inc.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT DAVID COLETTO

David Coletto is Chair, CEO and a founding partner of Abacus Data a full-service market research and strategy firm based in Ottawa and Toronto. With over a decade and a half of experience in the industry, David and his partners founded Abacus 12 years ago and since then David has become one of Canada’s most respected social researchers regularly commenting on politics, the labour market, and consumer behaviour.

He earned a PhD in Political Science from the University of Calgary in 2010 and is an adjunct professor at Carleton University. He is the host and producer of inFocus with David Coletto a podcast that explores the intersection of public opinion, politics, public policy, and consumer behaviour.

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.

UCP and NDP tied as the provincial election is set to kick off

As the start of the Alberta provincial election approaches, Abacus Data conducted a comprehensive province-wide survey of 1,000 eligible voters from April 21 to 25 to understand the dynamics of public opinion in the province and to track questions previously asked in our surveys. Note that this survey was conducted prior to the Calgary event center announcement yesterday.

This is the first in a series of releases on public opinion in Alberta. It explores vote intention and the motivators of vote choice in the province.

Here’s what we found:

The Election is Deadlocked

Among all eligible voters, the UCP and the NDP are tied at 36%. 22% are undecided, while 4% say they are voting for the Alberta Party and 3% for another party.

The NDP and UCP are each up one from our last poll in March, while the share of undecideds hasn’t changed.

Among eligible voters likely to vote, the NDP and UCP are statistically tied, with the NDP numerically ahead by 1. The NDP is at 43%, the UCP at 42%, and the Alberta Party at 4%. 9% of likely voters are undecided.

When we remove the undecided, the ballot among all decided voters is 46% for the UCP and 46% for the NDP. Among decided likely voters, it is 47% for the NDP and 46% for the UCP.

The UCP is slightly ahead in Calgary

In this survey, we oversampled in Calgary (n=478) and adjusted the sample for the province-wide estimates.

The NDP leads by almost 30 points in Edmonton (NDP 53%, UCP 24%, Undecided 15%), while the UCP leads by almost 20 outside of Calgary and Edmonton (UCP 42%, NDP 25%, Undecided 29%).

In Calgary, the UCP has a 6-point lead over the NDP (40% to 34%) with 19% saying they are undecided.

When undecideds are removed, the results in those regions are:

Calgary: UCP 49%, NDP 42%, AP 7%
Edmonton: NDP 63%, UCP 28%, AP 3%
Other communities: UCP 59%, NDP 35%, AP 4%
These estimates don’t change much when we isolate only those most likely to vote:

Calgary: UCP 48%, NDP 43%, AP 7%
Edmonton: NDP 62%, UCP 33%, AP 3%
Other communities: UCP 56%, NDP 39%, AP 4%

UCP leads among older Albertans and men. NDP is ahead among younger and women.

The UCP has a 9 point lead among eligible voters 45 and over and a 6 point lead among men (40% to 34%), while the NDP leads by 10 points among those under 45 and leads by 6 among women.

The UCP is ahead among those who have obtained a high school degree and those with a college degree. The NDP leads by 14 points among those with a university degree.

17% of our sample say they are currently members of a union. Among this group, the NDP leads the UCP by 9 points.

NDP has a big, 26-point lead among those who self-identify as a member of a racialized community. 50% would vote NDP, 24% UCP, and 17% are undecided. Among those who don’t self-identify as a member of a racialized group, the UCP leads by 9 (40% to 31% with 24% undecided).

Past UCP voters remain the most undecided at this point.

We continue to track how past UCP voters say they are going to vote. Today, 60% of those who say they voted UCP in 2019 will vote for the party again. This is down slightly from March. 13% say they will vote NDP, while 20% are undecided.

Among past NDP supporters, 87% will vote NDP again, 6% are backing the UCP, and 3% are undecided.

When we look at the relationship between past federal vote and current vote intentions, we find that past federal Liberal and NDP voters overwhelmingly support the Alberta NDP. Among past federal Conservative supporters, 63% are voting UCP, 12% NDP, and 21% are undecided.

Reluctant UCPers make up 18% of the electorate.

In the past, we have categorized voters based on their current and past vote choice and estimated the size of each segment in the electorate. We noted the importance of one group in particular – the “Reluctant UCPers”. This group voted for the UCP in 2019 but is undecided or would vote for another party today. What they decide to do in this election will likely determine the outcome, given how close the election is.

Today, 34% of Reluctant UCPers would vote NDP, 15% would vote for another party, and 51% say they are undecided.

However, more importantly, they say they are less likely to vote than either the Loyal UCP or Loyal NDP groups. 69% say they are likely to vote compared with 89% and 84% of those in the loyal groups.

Here are a few other insights about the Reluctant UCPers:

  • They are split almost evenly between men and women.
  • More live outside of Calgary or Edmonton than the rest of the population.
  • 70% voted for the federal Conservatives in 2021 and 100% voted UCP in 2019.
  • 59% would rather Rachel Notley be premier after the election, while 41% prefer Danielle Smith.
  • 51% feel Danielle Smith has been worse as premier than Jason Kenney. 15% feel she’s been a better premier.
  • Among those who are undecided in this group, 20% are leaning toward the UCP, 4% to the NDP, and 71% say they are completely undecided.
  • 63% believe the election is going to be close, 5% think the UCP will win easily, and 10% think the NDP will win easily.
  • The top 3 issues for this group are the cost of living, healthcare, and managing the economy.

What’s motivating the vote?

In this survey, we asked those who said they planned to vote UCP or NDP why they are voting for those parties. Of note, 1 in 3 Albertans are voting for a party to stop another party from forming the government and almost half (44%) of those voting NDP or UCP are doing so to stop the other party from winning.

Of UCP voters, 41% are voting UCP because they don’t want Rachel Notley or the NDP to be in power. Another 37% said it’s because they like Danielle Smith while 20% said it’s because they always vote UCP.

For NDP voters, stopping Danielle Smith and the UCP from winning is a motivator for almost half. Another 32% say they are voting NDP because they like Rachel Notley while 12% say it’s because they always vote NDP.

Interestingly, among Reluctant UCPers who are planning to vote NDP, 65% say it’s because they are repelled by Danielle Smith and the UCP than attracted to the NDP.

THE UPSHOT

As the Alberta election is set to kick off, the race is as close as it could be. The UCP and NDP are deadlocked among both the wider electorate and those most likely to vote. Perhaps most important in determining the outcome, the UCP has a slight lead over the NDP in Calgary. Over the next few days, I’ll release more data to help explain why we are seeing such a divided electorate.

Public opinion is highly polarized and unlikely, in my view, to change much over the election. The impressions of the leaders and the parties are well-developed. The issue set hasn’t changed much, and only a last-minute issue like a new event center in Calgary could reshape the choice voters are being asked to make.

What will matter in an election this close is turnout. It appears both the UCP and NDP bases are energized, with almost all saying they are likely to vote. That means all eyes will be on what the Reluctant UCPers and those who voted for smaller parties

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,000 Alberta adults eligible to vote from April 21 to 25, 2023.

A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 3.1%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Alberta’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by Abacus Data Inc.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT DAVID COLETTO

David Coletto is Chair, CEO and a founding partner of Abacus Data a full-service market research and strategy firm based in Ottawa and Toronto. With over a decade and a half of experience in the industry, David and his partners founded Abacus 12 years ago and since then David has become one of Canada’s most respected social researchers regularly commenting on politics, the labour market, and consumer behaviour.

He earned a PhD in Political Science from the University of Calgary in 2010 and is an adjunct professor at Carleton University. He is the host and producer of inFocus with David Coletto a podcast that explores the intersection of public opinion, politics, public policy, and consumer behaviour.

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.

Eby to speak during three-day forestry conference in Prince George

Another trip to Prince George is on the horizon for BC’s Premier. David Eby will be speaking during the sold-out 2023 COFI Convention, … Source: https://www.google.com/url?rct=j&sa=t&url=https://www.myprincegeorgenow.com/176048/featured/eby-to-speak-during-three-day-forestry-conference-in-prince-george/&ct=ga&cd=CAIyGjc1Y2Q2YWMwOGE3YWEyZTk6Y29tOmVuOlVT&usg=AOvVaw2aMBLMuz-RQE-9VVUw-oPs

Canadians and Health Care: Workplace and Group Insurance Plans

On behalf of the Canadian Life and Health Insurance Association, Abacus Data and Spark Insights conducted a nationwide survey of 1500 adult Canadians.  The interviewing was done online between February 20 and 25th, 2023.  This is #5 of a series of 5 releases highlighting key findings from that study. More information can be sought from Susan Murray of CLHIA or Bruce Anderson bruce@sparkadvocacy.ca

GROUP AND WORKPLACE INSURANCE BENEFITS

  • The majority (64%) of Canadians have insurance plans that help them with the costs of things like eye care, prescriptions and dental care. A total of 41% (or more than 12 million adults) obtain benefits through an employer plan. Another 14 % participate in another form of group plan, and 9% purchase this type of insurance privately.
  • 88% of those who have a benefits plan place either a great deal of value (46%) or quite a bit of value (42%) on having access to that plan. 84% say that their benefits plan has been very (36%) or quite helpful (48%) in saving them money.
  • The average plan user estimates that their plan saved their household $913 in prescription drug costs last year, $816 in dental care costs, and $339 in eye care costs.
  • 71% of those who don’t have access to such a plan, say they would value having one a great deal (38%) or quite a bit (33%).

TAX CREDIT TO EXPAND GROUP BENEFITS UPTAKE

  • The large majority (93%) are open to (32%) or support (61%) the idea of government providing a tax credit for smaller and medium businesses that offer benefits for employees to help cover the costs of eye care, dental care, physiotherapy and mental health services. The appeal of this idea is broad across all regions, generations and across party lines.
  • When it comes to the future of pharmacare policy in Canada, most people (65%) believe the best approach would be to target help to those who currently have not drug coverage through an insurance plan today.
  • 90% believe that group or employer insurance coverage that helps people with the costs of health services has been an example of private involvement in health care that has been a positive.
  • In general, those who have access to employer or group benefits rate the performance of the health care system somewhat more highly than average, especially when it comes to the cost of prescriptions, physiotherapy, eye care and dental care.

SUMMARY

For most Canadians there are two forms of insurance that provide help with health care costs – provincially run health systems and additional benefit insurance that they have access to, most often through an employer or workplace.  These additional benefit plans are highly valued as they save the average household considerable amounts of money each year. Those who don’t have access to such a plan would like to, and there is broad openness and majority support for the idea of a tax credit to stimulate take up among small and medium businesses.

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,500 Canadian adults from February 20 to 25, 2023. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 2.6%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Canada’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by the Canadian Life and Health Insurance Association.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.

Canadians and Healthcare: Satisfaction and feelings about delivery options in 2023

On behalf of the Canadian Life and Health Insurance Association, Abacus Data and Spark Insights conducted a nationwide survey of 1,500 adult Canadians.  The interviewing was done online between February 20 and 25, 2023.  This is the first of a series of releases highlighting key findings from that study. More information can be sought from Susan Murray of CLHIA (SMurray@clhia.ca)  or Bruce Anderson (bruce@sparkadvocacy.ca)

THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM & PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENTS

Barely half (54%) of Canadians say the healthcare system is working well enough to meet their needs. Two-thirds say is it not working well enough across the country, or in their province.  Only Quebec finds a majority giving passing grades to their provincial government.

Since 2021, negative ratings for both the federal government (up 21 points to 49% poor/very poor) and provincial governments (up 15 points to 48% poor/very poor, have grown significantly.

WHAT’S WORKING WELL; WHAT’S WORKING POORLY

Canadians are most unhappy about access to specialists, long-term care, surgical care, and timely emergency room care. Negative feelings about these topics are up by more than 10 points since 2021.

Canadians are more satisfied with access to virtual care, and with the amount that they pay for prescription drugs, physiotherapy, and affordable eye care.

While a majority (60%) say their access to a family doctor is excellent or good enough, 4 in ten say the system is falling short of their needs in this area. Unhappiness with this aspect of health care is up 16 points since 2021. Alongside sharp rises in unhappiness around access to a family doctor, surgical care, long-term care, and emergency care, we also see a 17-point increase in unhappiness with access to mental health services.  Today, 49% say the system is falling short of their needs. Problems in this area are most acutely felt by younger Canadians.

PUBLIC AND NON-PUBLIC DELIVERY OF HEALTHCARE

Just under half (47%) of Canadians think that health care in Canada today is exclusively delivered by public sector organizations, while 53% perceive a blend of public and private delivery. A majority (62%) would prefer to see a blend of public and private sector delivery, “as long as costs are covered by provincial health systems or insurance coverage”.

Most (64%) Canadians access employer, group, or private insurance plans that help them with the costs of eye care, prescriptions, dental care, and other health services: 41% have a workplace plan, 14 % have another form of group plan, and 9% purchase insurance privately.

90% believe these insurance plans represent an example of private sector involvement in health care that has been a positive for Canada. Even 90% of those who don’t have access to such plans believe they have been a positive for Canada.

88% of those who have a benefits plan place either a great deal of value (46%) or quite a bit of value (42%) on having access to that plan. The average plan user estimates that their plan saved their household $913 in prescription drug costs last year, $816 in dental care costs, and $339 in eye care costs.

A large majority (81%) feel it is a positive to have privately run health clinics where people can see doctors and have procedures done provided they do not pay out of pocket. A smaller majority (59%) say private clinics where “people can pay out of pocket if they want to have a medical procedure in a timelier fashion” is a positive development in Canadian health care.

This open-mindedness towards delivery innovation is because of the acute sense that things need to improve.  A majority feel “I want politicians to make sure health care is available and free to me and am willing to consider all ideas that help this happen”.

SUMMARY

Many Canadians are finding the healthcare system is failing to meet current needs. Opinions have deteriorated sharply, and pressure is evident both on the federal and provincial levels of government. Surgeries, ER care, long-term care, and mental health supports are among the most acute areas of public discontent.

People want health system improvement and this means that they are more open to non-public delivery alternatives than might have been the case in the past.  They want policymakers to be open to innovations as well.  Workplace or group insurance is already experienced by many as an effective way for private sector organizations to help people get the health services they need affordably.

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,500 Canadian adults from February 20 to 25, 2023. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 2.6%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Canada’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by the Canadian Life and Health Insurance Association.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.



Budget Politics: Why the federal budget matters so much to Liberal electorate fortunes.

On Tuesday, Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland will table the federal government’s budget, and the stakes could not be higher for the government.

Public assessments of the government’s performance and how they feel about the Prime Minister haven’t been much lower than they are today. Despite this, the Liberals and Conservatives are statistically tied in our latest measure of vote intention.

In our most recent national omnibus survey conducted from March 17 to 21, I asked 1,963 adults a few questions to gauge their economic outlook and how they feel about the government’s performance on a series of economic, fiscal, and pocketbook issues. The results suggest a very challenging opinion environment – one that I think the government and the Prime Minister desperately need to shift.

Here’s what I’m seeing:

The overall economic outlook isn’t that bad right now, but it’s not great either. When we ask Canadians to estimate whether the economy will improve, get worse, or stay about the same over the next 12 months, almost half think it is going to get worse but only 15% say it will get a lot worse. About 1 in 4 are optimistic things will improve over that time period.

Government Strengths and Weaknesses?

When we ask Canadians to evaluate the performance of the federal government and the Prime Minister in several areas, the government gets fairly good grades for its handling of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, for representing the country internationally, and for working with the provinces. In each of those, half or more feel the government’s performance is at least acceptable.

It gets what I feel are middling grades for running an ethical government, managing the economy, and responding to the crisis in healthcare. On these, about 4 in 10 feel the government is doing at least an acceptable job.

But on two items in particular, the government is seen as severely underperforming – addressing the rising cost of living and making housing more affordable and accessible. On both, about 1 in 4 think the government is doing ok or better while two-thirds think it’s doing a poor or terrible job.

Even among 2021 Liberal voters, the cost of living and housing are challenging issues for the government. 4 in 10 past Liberal voters say the government isn’t doing even acceptably on those issues.

Part of the problem facing the government right now is its lack of narrative – especially an economic one. Case in point, when we ask Canadians whether they agree or disagree that “the federal government has a clear economic plan to grow the economy” only 23% agree, including 4% who strongly agree. In contrast, 42% disagree, 22% neither agree nor disagree and 13% are unsure.

I wish I had comparable data from previous years or previous governments, but these numbers feel low. If I was advising the Finance Minister, having only 1 in 4 people inclined to think you have a clear plan to grow the economy is a problem, and a serious liability, especially when people are feeling anxious and uncertain about the economy right now.

But the crosstabs provide even more concern. For example, those in vote-rich Ontario and Quebec are no more likely to think the government has a clear plan than those in other regions. And only 51% of Liberal supporters, those who say they would vote Liberal today, think the government has a clear economic plan.

But it gets worse for the Liberals…

When we ask all Canadians which party they feel will do best on several issues, the Liberals only have a slight advantage on one – dealing with climate change and the environment. Even when it comes to “making childcare affordable” – an issue that dominated the 2021 federal budget – the Liberals are basically tied with the NDP and only 7-points ahead of the Conservatives.

On EVERY economic and pocketbook issue, the Conservatives have a clear advantage over the Liberals. And a reminder, this is the same poll that found the Liberals only 2 points behind the Conservatives in voting intention.

The Conservatives are ahead of the Liberals by:

  • 13 on managing the economy.
  • 19 on keeping taxes low
  • 15 on keeping interest rates as low as possible
  • 11 on addressing the rising cost of living
  • 7 on creating good-paying jobs
  • 6 on protecting pensions and retirement security

The Upshot

These results underscore both the weakness of the Liberal government’s brand on economic issues and the opportunity it has in this budget to start to move these numbers.

One budget alone won’t fix the problem, but if the government uses it as an opportunity to start talking about pocketbook issues and the economy more, they may be able to reverse some of these numbers.

I think the problem is one of empathy and clarity. The federal government and its senior leaders aren’t connecting with people and empathizing with their day-to-day struggles. And there hasn’t been a clear economic narrative that people recall. With only 23% of Canadians believing the government has a clear economic plan, the budget presents an opportunity for the Liberal government to articulate its vision for economic growth and stability. Demonstrating a coherent strategy to address Canadians’ economic anxieties could help regain public trust.

Yes, the Conservatives have a natural advantage on economic issues. But it hasn’t always been that way. Tomorrow’s budget will either demonstrate a shift in strategy and approach, or it will reinforce what people already think.

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,963 Canadian adults from March 17 to 21, 2023. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 2.3%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Canada’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by Abacus Data Inc.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.



Mr. Biden Comes to Ottawa: Canadians on the Canada/US Relationship, Joe Biden, and More

From March 17 to 21, 2023, Abacus Data conducted a national survey of 1,963 adults exploring several topics related to current events as part of our regular national omnibus surveys.

In this report, I report on some questions we asked about the Canada/US relationship, impressions of Joe Biden, and what Canadians want the discussions between Prime Minister Trudeau and President Biden to focus on.

How would you describe the relationship between Canada and the United States?

Canadians generally believe that there is a close relationship between Canada and the United but views are mixed. About half say Canada and the US are best (6%) or close friends (46%) while about 1 in 3 say the two countries are more like acquaintances (37%). 4% describe them as rivals, no one says they are enemies, while 7% are unsure.

There is little variation across the country or among different political groups.

Most think PM Trudeau has done as well as should be expected in managing the relationship with the US

Generally speaking, Canadians have a positive impression on how Prime Minister has managed the relationship with the US. 56% think he and the government have handled managing the relationship as well as should be expected, 5% think he’s done better than should be expected while 24% think he’s done worse than should be expected. Views are fairly consistent across the country. Conservative supporters are more split than others, but 44% think he’s done as well as should be expected. International relations and representing Canada internationally is one of the areas that Canadians consistently believe the Prime Minister performs well.

How do Canadians feel about President Biden?

Views about Joe Biden are mixed in Canada. 30% of Canadians have a positive impression, 32% have a negative impression and 33% have a neutral impression. Those in the Prairies tend to have more negative views while Quebecers have the most positive impression of the US President. Half of  Liberal supporters have a positive view while only 15% of Conservatives have a positive view.

What do Canadians want Trudeau and Biden to focus on?

When shown a list of things that Biden and Trudeau could focus on while they meet in Ottawa and asked to select two, half of Canadians want them to focus on improving trade and economic integration between the two countries, 36% want the focus to be on climate change and the environment while another 36% want them to discuss border issues including asylum seekers crossing the Canada-US border. 29% selected dealing with China as a priority while another 24% selected responding to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and fighting against rising authoritarianism around the world respectively.

UPSHOT

According to David Coletto: “Most Canadians continue to feel a close kinship with the United States and see their country as close friends of the United States. But this view isn’t universal. Many also feel the United States is simply an acquaintance of Canada, perhaps a reflection of the buy-American, America-first orientation of administrations over the past several years. Joe Biden comes to Ottawa not loved, but not hated either. Political orientation in Canada is strongly related to how people feel. Most Canadians think Justin Trudeau has handed Canada’s relationship with the United as well as should be expected, a bright spot in an otherwise difficult opinion environment for the Prime Minister and the Liberals. Biden’s visit to Ottawa presents an opportunity for the Prime Minister to focus attention away from domestic economic challenges and the election interference story that has dominated discussions and debate in federal politics for weeks now.”

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,963 Canadian adults from March 17 to 21, 2023. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 2.3%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Canada’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by Abacus Data Inc.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.



Conservative lead down to 2 over the Liberals, new Abacus Data poll

From March 17 to 21, 2023, Abacus Data conducted a national survey of 1,963 adults exploring several topics related to Canadian politics and current events as part of our regular national omnibus surveys.

Expect releases on Biden’s visit to Ottawa (out tomorrow), David Johnston’s appointment (out Friday), and a pre-budget review of public opinion about the economy and the Trudeau government’s handling of fiscal and economic policy out early next week.

In this analysis, I update our regular tracking of opinions and attitudes toward Canadian politics

Conservatives and Liberals are now statistically tied.

If an election was held at the time of the survey, the Conservatives would get 33% of the vote (down 1 since our last survey), the Liberals would get 31% (up 2) and the NDP is in third at 18% (down 1). The BQ is at 8% nationally, the People’s Party at 5% and the Greens at 4%.

Since mid-February, Conservative support among committed voters is down 4 points while the Liberal vote is up slightly. This is the small Conservative lead since August of last year.

Regionally, the Conservatives have a slight lead in BC and a large lead in the Prairies. The Liberals and Conservatives are statistically tied in Ontario while the Liberals and BQ are statistically tied in Quebec.  Liberal support in Quebec is up 9 points over the past month. while the Conservatives are down six. In Atlantic Canada, the Liberals have a 9-point lead over the Conservatives.

The Liberals have opened up a large 12-point lead among those under 30 while the Conservatives have a 10-point lead among those aged 45 to 59. The two main parties are statistically tied among those aged 30 to 44 and those 60 and over.

We find no gender gap in vote intentions except for the NDP. The NDP vote share is 5 points larger among women than men.

What might be driving this shift in vote intentions?

We don’t see any real movement in the mood of the public.

30% believe the country is headed in the right direction, at or near the lowest point for several years.

The federal government’s approval rating hasn’t changed much either. Today 33% approve while 49% disapprove, marginal changes from our last survey and consistent with what we have seen for several months now.

We also don’t see much shift in perceptions of the main party leaders.

Impressions of the party leaders are steady as well.

  • Justin Trudeau: 30% positive (-1) vs. 49% negative (-2) = -19 net
  • Pierre Poilievre: 29% positive (-2) vs. 36% negative (NC) = -7 net
  • Jagmeet Singh: 36% positive (NC) vs. 30% negative (NC) = +6 net

Even when we measure the electorate’s desire for change we don’t see much change although there has been a slight increase (2 points) in those who say they definitely want to see the Liberals re-elected. Today 51% definitely want to see a change in government while another 25% want change but say it’s not important to them. In contrast, 14% definitely want to see the Liberals re-elected while 12% want to keep the Liberals in power, but say it’s not that important to them.

Part of the answer for why there has been a shift in national vote intentions despite most of our other metrics holding steady lies in a crosstab between this question and vote intention.

Since February 2023, when the Conservatives had an 8-point lead in our tracking, their share of the vote among those who definitely want change is down 5 points as it is among those who want change but say it’s not that important to them. In both groups, the Liberal share of the vote is up (2 and 4 points respectively). At the same time, the Liberal vote share among those who definitely want to see the Liberals re-elected is up 6 (even as that group grew only 1 point in size).

The implication of this is clear: Despite an opinion environment that remains very challenging for the Liberals, the Conservatives have done little to consolidate the “change vote”. In fact, they have taken a step backward over the past month. The Conservatives have been successful at keeping “Trudeau haters” and its base motivated. But in doing so, it may have weakened its relationship with the 1 in 4 voters who say they want change, but aren’t that motivated or excited about it happening. Either they have to move more of these folks into the “definitely want change” group or they need to find a way to appeal to people who wouldn’t mind change but need a safe alternative to gravitate to. So long as there is a sizeable soft change group in the electorate and the Liberals are competitive with it, they are still in the game. You can read additional analysis on what I see as the Conservative Party’s three paths to victory over at my personal analysis site and newsletter inFocus with David Coletto (please subscribe!).

Another area to explore is possible shifts from vote choice in 2021 to vote intention today. I use the two same points in time to compare (February 2023 – when the Conservatives led by 8 and today’s survey, which has the Conservatives ahead by 2).

When we look at the charts below, three things jump out at me. First, the Liberal vote from 2021 to today is consistent at both points in time. 85% of past Liberal supporters said they would vote Liberal in February 2023. Today, that number is 84%. So while losing 16% of you past vote isn’t insignificant, it’s at least holding over time.

The second is the drop in Conservative loyalty. Back in February, 93% of past CPC voters said they would vote Conservative again. That’s now down 6 points to 87%. The Liberals have benefited the most from this vote churn – gaining 6% of these past Conservative voters.

Finally, look at the People’s Party of Canada lines. In February, more than 1 in 3 past PPC voters said they would now vote Conservative. That’s down to 19% today. Now, we are dealing with smaller sample sizes but that shift is still outside the comparable margin of error meaning something is happening.

UPSHOT

According to David Coletto: “In just over a month, an 8-point Conservative lead has become a marginal 2-point lead. The Liberals are up slightly but the Conservative vote share is down 4 points in over a month.

Impressions of Justin Trudeau, the government generally, or even the direction of the country have not improved nor have impressions of Pierre Poilievre gotten worse over this period.

But it does seem that some past Conservative voters are being turned off by what the Conservatives and Poilievre are doing or saying and past People Party supporters who earlier were defecting to the Conservatives may be returning home.

If this is in fact happening, this is the worst-case scenario for the Conservatives – alienating both the centre and the right wings of your coalition is not how you win an election. I’ll keep monitoring this to see if it continues.”

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 1,963 Canadian adults from March 17 to 21, 2023. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 2.3%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Canada’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by Abacus Data Inc.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.



Join Abacus Data as a Consultant / Senior Consultant

Location:
Abacus Data operates offices in Ottawa & Toronto. A team member can be based anywhere in Canada but preference will be given to candidates who can commute to the location at least once a week.

Compensation:
Salary: $70,000 to $85,000 is typical for this role, however the compensation package may be increased or decreased to be commensurate with experience.
Annual performance bonus based on overall performance of the company.
Generous marketing bonus for all new business development.

Expected start date:
As early as April 2023, or at such a time as a suitable candidate is found.

The opportunity:
At Abacus Data, a premier Canadian public opinion research & strategy agency, we are looking to capitalize on explosive growth by adding to our research team.

In this role, you will work closely with the firm’s executive team to help service the firm’s growing roster of public and private sector clients, with abundant opportunities to take on clients on your own & job craft a research specialization as the company grows.

In the immediate term, this role will see you work on research files both independently and with the supervision of a senior lead, acting as the principal author & project manager of Abacus’ custom research survey projects.

In more technical terms, this role will be responsible for assisting team leads in managing client relationships, overseeing the survey fielding & reporting process, and writing compelling, timely and strategic research reports based on public opinion survey results.

Responsibilities:
Work closely with the CEO, Executive Vice President, and Director level team leads to design & analyze the results of public opinion research surveys.
Liaise with the fielding & analytics team to ensure surveys are being programmed & graphically reported according to client & firm expectations.
Write high-quality analysis prose reports for our clients that is error-free, valuable, and meets the standards of our leadership team.
Manage other day to day responsibilities of research projects as directed by the senior team, including client consultation, proposal development, creation of research instruments, analysis, and presentation of final deliverables.

Requirements:
Some of our most successful hires have come into research roles from adjacent public affairs careers or other non-research backgrounds. Please do not hesitate to reach out & apply even if you do not meet all criteria below.

  • 3 to 7 years of experience in a research role designing, executing and analyzing public opinion research projects.
  • Experience analyzing data and helping clients use data to make decisions.
  • An analytical mind that is excited about telling stories using data and research.
  • Clear evidence of being detail-oriented with a focus on delivery and error-free work.
  • Able to create stunning presentations that tell the story in our data to our clients and potential clients.
  • Strong interpersonal, writing, organizational, problem-solving, and communication skills
  • Ability to work with minimal supervision.
  • University or college degree/diploma in a related field.
  • Must be legally eligible to work in Canada

Bilingualism in English and French is not a requirement, but an asset.

Apply by April 3rd at 5pm ET.

If you think you’re the right candidate for this task, please send a cover letter and CV to Ihor Korbabicz at ihor@stagesite.abacusdata.ca referencing “Job 858395 – Consultant/Senior Consultant” in the subject line. Only those selected for the next round of the process will be contacted.

About Abacus Data Inc.
We are the only firm that helps organizations respond to the unprecedented threats of generational change and technological disruption.

Founded in 2010, Abacus Data is an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail and exceptional value.

We work with brands and organizations such as Shaw Communications, the Canadian Bankers Association, the Mining Association of Canada, Food & Consumer Products of Canada, NAV Canada, the Canadian Real Estate Association, Teck, Imperial Oil, Nestle Waters, Google, the Air Canada Pilots Association, NUPGE, HealthPartners, the Paramedic Association of Canada, the Canadian Pharmacists Association, and the Canadian Health Food Association.

Our vision is to be Canada’s premier data-based strategy firm with a reputation for outstanding customer service, creative thinking, and innovative methods. We will do that by working harder, being more creative, delivering more value to our clients, while doing it all with a smile.

For more information about Abacus Data, visit our website at abacusdata.ca.


A Deep Dive on Canadian Political Attitudes: Chinese election interference & the Liberal/NDP Agreement

From March 2 to 4, 2023, Abacus Data conducted a national survey of 2,600 adults exploring several topics related to Canadian politics and current events as part of our regular national omnibus surveys.

Note, this survey was completed prior to the Prime Minister’s announcement on Monday evening and comments by opposition party leaders and MPs in response.

In this report, I report on several topics:

  • Views on possible Chinese interference in Canadian federal election and support for a public inquiry.
  • Impression of the Liberal/NDP Confidence and Supply Agreement as it approaches its one-year anniversary.
  • An update to our regular tracking of vote intentions and impressions of political leaders and other issues.

Chinese Government Interference in Canadian Elections

As of last Saturday, just over eight in ten Canadians said they had heard about the news regarding possible Chinese government interference in Canadian federal elections. Eight percent are following the story very closely while another 25% say they are following it pretty closely. Compared with other issues we have asked similar questions about, this is a higher-than-normal level of awareness, but not a high degree of engagement on the issue.

Overall, 44% of Canadians believe the Chinese government was actively trying to influence the outcome of the 2021 election. 18% don’t believe it was happening while 37% are unsure. Almost all of those following the issue closely believe the Chinese government was trying to influence the election.

In a follow-up question to those who believe the Chinese government was trying to influence the election, we asked whether that interference changed the outcome of the election or not.

When we combine responses to this question with the original question we find that:

  • 37% of Canadians are unsure whether the Chinese government interfered in the 2021 federal election
  • 18% of Canadians believe the Chinese government did not try to influence the 2021 federal election.
  • 19% believe the Chinese government was trying to influence the outcome but that the Liberals would have won the election anyway, whether the Chinese interfered in the election or not.
  • 13% believe the Chinese government was trying to influence the outcome and the election outcome was changed. Another party would have won the election had the Chinese not interfered in the election.
  • 12% believe the Chinese government was trying to influence the outcome but are unsure where it changed the election outcome.

Not surprisingly, those who are following the issue more closely have more definitive views on the impact of that interference on the election outcome but even about 1 in 3 are uncertain about the impact of possible election interference.

When we look at these results through a partisan lens, we find that 1 in 4 Conservative voters in 2021 believe the Chinese government tried to influence the outcome of the 2021 election, and another party would have won had it not interfered.

Finally, we asked people if they thought the Prime Minister should call a public inquiry to investigate this issue further. Note, this was asked before the announcement on Monday.

There is widespread support for an inquiry, little opposition, and Liberal voters are as likely as Conservatives ones to support an inquiry.

Liberal-NDP Confidence and Supply Agreement

We also asked Canadians their views on the Liberal-NDP Confidence and Supply agreement as it approaches its one-year anniversary. Be sure to listen to Althia Raj’s podcast where the topic is explored in far more detail.

Today, 1 in 3 Canadians had not heard about the agreement before we asked about it in our survey.

Overall, 42% believe the agreement has been a good thing for Canada while 29% feel it has been a bad thing. 17% say it’s had no impact. These results align with Canadians’ expectations about the deal in a survey we completed a year ago.

Views about the deal are strongly correlated to party support. 71% of Liberal supporters and 66% of NDP supporters think the agreement has been a good thing for Canada. Green and BQ supporters hold more mixed views while Conservative and People’s Party supporters generally think the deal has been bad for Canada.

When asked whether the NDP should continue to support the deal it has with the Liberals and prevent an early election or whether the NDP should end the deal even if it means forcing an early election, Canadians are pretty split. 53% want the deal to continue while 47% want it to end.

Again, partisanship plays a big role in determining one’s view on the matter. 85% of Liberal supporters want the deal to continue while 81% of Conservative supporters want it to end.

Among NDP supporters, 68% want the deal to continue while 32% want it to end.

Given all the news and events in the past few weeks, has the political opinion environment in Canada changed?

The short answer is no.

If an election was held at the time of the survey, the Conservatives would get 36% of the vote with the Liberals seven points back at 29%. The NDP is in third at 18%. Compared with our last survey, there has been almost no change in vote intention.

Among all Canadians (not just those committed to voting for one party), 29% would vote Conservative, 24% Liberal, and 15% for the NDP. 18% of Canadians are undecided at this time.

Regionally, the Conservatives are well ahead in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The Conservatives and Liberals are statistically tied in Ontario and Atlantic Canada while in Quebec, the BQ is ahead by 8 points over the Liberals.

Beyond vote intention, other indicators are also fairly steady since last month.

The overall mood of the country looks similar to what it’s been for the past five months. The mood remains quite negative with only 31% feel the country is headed in the right direction.

The federal government’s approval rating is steady as well with 35% approving and 49% disapproving representing only a marginal one-point change since last month.

Impressions of the party leaders, except for Jagmeet Singh, are steady as well.

  • Justin Trudeau: 31% positive (-1) vs. 49% negative (+1) = -18 net
  • Pierre Poilievre: 30% positive (-1) vs. 36% negative (+1) = -6 net
  • Jagmeet Singh: 38% positive (+4) vs. 30% negative (-1) = +8 net

Even when we measure the electorate’s desire for change we don’t see much change although the desire for change remains elevated than what it was at the end of either the 2019 or 2021 election campaigns.

Today 49% definitely want to see a change in government while another 25% want change but say it’s not important to them. In contrast, 14% definitely want to see the Liberals re-elected while 12% want to keep the Liberals in power, but say it’s not that important to them.

UPSHOT

According to David Coletto: “Although the Chinese election interference story has gained wide public awareness, not many people are closely following it. While there is more interest and engagement than usual for national political stories, the majority of Canadians have not yet become engaged in the topic.

Furthermore, the story has left many Canadians feeling confused and uncertain about the situation, which is not surprising given that much of the information available is based on leaked intelligence reports and incomplete accounts of what is known. Despite this, there is strong public support for a public inquiry, which may put additional pressure on the federal government and the Prime Minister to expand the investigations they have already initiated.

However, so far, these events have not had any significant impact on public opinion about politics or political choices. There has been no shift in vote intentions, impressions of the party leaders, or the general desire for change. This may change if more news comes to light, but currently, it seems that while the public is concerned about possible interference in elections, it has not altered their views of the political options available. The Conservative Party continues to have an advantage, while the Liberal Party continues to face its most challenging opinion environment since being elected in 2015.”

METHODOLOGY

The survey was conducted with 2,600 Canadian adults from March 2 to 4, 2023. A random sample of panelists were invited to complete the survey from a set of partner panels based on the Lucid exchange platform. These partners are typically double opt-in survey panels, blended to manage out potential skews in the data from a single source.

The margin of error for a comparable probability-based random sample of the same size is +/- 2.0%, 19 times out of 20.

The data were weighted according to census data to ensure that the sample matched Canada’s population according to age, gender, educational attainment, and region. Totals may not add up to 100 due to rounding.

This survey was paid for by Abacus Data Inc.

Abacus Data follows the CRIC Public Opinion Research Standards and Disclosure Requirements that can be found here:  https://canadianresearchinsightscouncil.ca/standards/

ABOUT ABACUS DATA

We are the only research and strategy firm that helps organizations respond to the disruptive risks and opportunities in a world where demographics and technology are changing more quickly than ever.

We are an innovative, fast-growing public opinion and marketing research consultancy. We use the latest technology, sound science, and deep experience to generate top-flight research-based advice to our clients. We offer global research capacity with a strong focus on customer service, attention to detail, and exceptional value.

We were one of the most accurate pollsters conducting research during the 2021 Canadian election following up on our outstanding record in 2019.

Contact us with any questions.

Find out more about how we can help your organization by downloading our corporate profile and service offering.